using a diamond tipped 'punch'. With a differing amount of loading applied to it over 3 loadings, you can measure the hardness of the material by the depth of the indention. HR=E-e e = permanent increase in depth of penetration due to major load F1, measured in units of 0.001 mm E = a constant of 100 units for diamond and ball indenters HR = Rockwell hardness number In the case of the soft valve (which is actually a little harder), the loading applied was 45Kg. E=100 and units of e are 0.001mm. The diamond punch left an impression difference of 0.068mm, or 67 units. HR = E-e =100-68 =32
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